Silver sulfate (Ag2SO4)
Silver sulfate is an inorganic silver(I) salt with the formula Ag2SO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is only sparingly soluble in water and gradually darkens on exposure to light. It is best known as a catalyst in the dichromate method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water analysis. It is also used as a silver source and reagent in synthetic and analytical chemistry.
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Silver sulfate
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Silver sulfate (CAS 10294-26-5) is the silver(I) salt of sulfuric acid. It has a molar mass of approximately 311.8 g/mol. It is sparingly soluble in water, at roughly 0.8 g per 100 mL at room temperature, and dissolves more readily in concentrated sulfuric acid. The solid is light-sensitive, so it is normally supplied in amber or opaque containers.
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What is silver sulfate used for in the laboratory?
Its principal analytical use is as a catalyst in the closed or open reflux dichromate method for chemical oxygen demand (COD), as described in standards such as ISO 6060 and ISO 15705. In this method, it promotes the oxidation of straight-chain aliphatic compounds. It is usually added as a solution in sulfuric acid, and mercury(II) sulfate is often added alongside it to mask chloride interference. Silver sulfate also serves as a silver(I) source in inorganic preparations. In organic synthesis, it is used with iodine for the iodination of aromatic compounds.
Which grades and documentation should buyers look for?
Silver sulfate is offered in reagent grades, including ACS reagent grade, and in grades specified for COD analysis. Procurement teams should check the CoA for assay, heavy-metal impurities and chloride content. Suitability for the intended standard method should also be confirmed.
How should silver sulfate be handled and stored?
Store it in tightly closed, light-protective containers in a cool, dry place. Silver compounds are generally classified under GHS as hazardous to the aquatic environment. Many suppliers also classify silver sulfate as causing serious eye damage. Always consult the supplier's SDS for current classification and REACH registration status. Waste containing silver should be collected separately for recovery or disposal in line with local regulations.
Related concepts
Related entries include chemical oxygen demand (COD), potassium dichromate, mercury(II) sulfate, silver nitrate and sulfuric acid. Other relevant topics are light-sensitive reagent storage and the handling of heavy-metal laboratory waste.
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